Negotiating Islam and Locality: The Transformation of Religious Authority in Contemporary Aceh
https://doi.org/10.54604/itg.v8i2.564
Abstract
Otoritas keagamaan di Aceh kontemporer lazim dikisahkan sebagai islamisasi adat di bawah syariat formal atau sebagai daya tahan tradisi lokal terhadap Islam yang menyeragamkan. Kedua narasi ini memperlakukan Islam dan lokalitas sebagai kekuatan yang terpisah, sehingga perubahan pada otoritas itu sendiri tidak terjelaskan. Artikel ini menelaah di arena mana relasi Islam dan lokalitas dinegosiasikan di Aceh kontemporer, idiom apa yang digunakan para aktor untuk mengklaim otoritas, dan apa akibatnya bagi batas-batas keanggotaan keagamaan. Penelitian ini menerapkan sintesis tematik terhadap sembilan belas studi bertelaah sejawat terbitan 2010–2025 tentang lembaga syariat, adat, jaringan dayah, genealogi sufi, dan gerakan keagamaan baru di Aceh, yang ditafsirkan melalui antropologi Islam dan teori pluralisasi otoritas keagamaan. Sintesis ini menemukan tiga gerak. Pertama, lokalitas dilegalkan, yakni adat dimasukkan bersama syariat ke dalam tatanan hukum plural yang didukung negara. Kedua, ortodoksi dilokalkan, yakni jaringan dayah dan ulama resmi menampilkan tradisi Aswaja sebagai Islam Aceh yang autentik dan memosisikan pesaingnya sebagai asing atau menyimpang. Ketiga, lokalitas tetap membuka jalan bagi otoritas di luar ortodoksi tersebut, melalui kekerabatan matrifokal, genealogi wali perempuan, dan patronase keagamaan yang dimediasi media digital. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa otoritas keagamaan di Aceh telah bergeser dari islamisasi lokalitas menuju lokalisasi otoritas, yakni lokalitas menjadi idiom tempat otoritas Islam diklaim dan diperebutkan. Konsep ortodoksi terlokalisasi (localized orthodoxy) diajukan untuk menangkap konfigurasi ini sekaligus menjelaskan daya integratif dan eksklusinya
Keywords:
Otoritas Keagamaan, adat, Ortodoksi Terlokalisasi, Pluralisme Hukum, Aceh KontemporerReferences
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